SISTEM JARINGAN KOMPUTER

Jaringan Komputer adalah sekelompok hardware seperti PC, Printer dan peralatan lain yang saling terhubung dan terjadi interaksi komunikasi.
Dilihat dari segi konfigurasi jaringannya, jaringan komputer memiliki 2 macam konfigurasi yaitu Peer to Peer dan Client-Server. Konfigurasi Peer to Peer biasanya melibatkan kurang dari 10 komputer, setiap komputer bisa saling berbagi data tanpa mengutamakan keamanan. Kelebihan dari konfigurasi Peer to Peer adalah pembangunan sistem jaringan yang mudah dan tidak memerlukan server. Namun, kekurangannya adalah kurang fleksibel dan kurang aman. Konfigurasi Client Server memiliki satu komputer sebagai server atau pusat kendali. Server mengendalikan akses komputer - komputer lain yang disebut client. Kelebihannya adalah dapat melibatkan peralatan yang tidak terbatas jumlahnya, dan tingkat keamanannya tinggi. Sedangkan kekurangannya adalah pembangunan sistem lebih sulit dan membutuhkan tenaga ahli khusus server.
Dilihat dari segi letaknya, jaringan komputer dibagi 3 yaitu LAN, MAN, & WAN. LAN( Local Area Network) merupakan suatu sistem yang menghubungkan komputer dalam jaringan yang tidak luas yaitu 10 m s/d 1 km. Sedangkan kecepatan transmisinya sebesar 10 s/d 100 Mbps. MAN( Metropolitan Area Network) adalah sistem jaringan yang memiliki radius pelayananannya terbatas pada sebuah kota atau provinsi dengan jarak 10 km s/d 100 km. Umumnya MAN menggunakan medium gelombang elektromagnetik (wireless). WAN ( Wide Area Network) adalah sistem jaringan yang menghubungkan jaringan antar negara / benua. Biasanya menggunakan media kabel bawah laut atau satelit dengan jarak lebih dari 100 km dan kecepatan transmisi 64 kbps.
Dlihat dari segi media transmisinya, terdapat 2 jenis yaitu jenis jaringan kabel dan nirkabel (wireless). WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) hampir sama dengan LAN, namun apabila LAN menggunakan kabel WLAN menggunakan media gelombang elektromagnetik.Keunggulan wireless ada lima yaitu mobilitas, kecepatan instalasi, fleksibilitas tempat, pengurangan anggaran biaya dan jangkauan yang luas. Sedangkan kelemahannya adalah alat yang mahal, dapat terjadi interferensi gelombang, kapasitas jaringan terbatas, keamanan data kurang terjamin dan sinyal putus - putus (intermittence).
Internet merupakan sebuah sistem jaringan global yaitu jaringan seluruh dunia yang melibatkan berbagai infrastruktur jaringan. Intranet adalah miniatur jaringan internet yang terbatas pada lingkungan lokal saja, contohnya sebuah gedung. Ekstranet memiliki jaringan yang lebih luas daripada intranet. Biasanya diterapkan untuk perusahaan - perusahaan yang memiliki cabang di tempat yang berbeda.

Eagle is Endangered

The Javan Hawk-Eagle is the national bird of Indonesia. In Indonesia, it is usually known as Garuda. This bird has become the national emblem of Indonesia that symbolizes strength and power. Nevertheless, it’s so difficult for us to see eagles in Indonesia because there were only around 400 Javan Hawk-Eagles living in the wild. This number is continually decreasing, making eagle an endangered species. There are several factors endangered Javan Hawk-Eagles:

1.      1. The declining of habitat quality

The Javan Hawk-Eagle occurs in humid tropical forests of Java. Its range in East Java includes Sempu Island, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Meru Betiri National Park, and Alas Purwo National Park. There are also some eagles 

that live in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. But according to the officer of the national park, there has been damaged to the protected forest. It made the eagles loss their habitat and food. The damaged of protected forest is caused by human activity like illegal logging.

1.     2.   The slow growth and breeding of eagles

The Javan Hawk-eagle is mature at the age of three or four. It is believed to be monogamous. It means that this bird is so loyal to its pair. It breeds once every one or two years. The slow growth triggers the low survivability of the bird. Although eagle is an Indonesian endemic, but Indonesia still can’t breed this rare raptor because the habitat is still damaged.

2.   3.     Illegal hunting

The Javan Hawk-Eagle is one of the most beautiful and exotic bird in the world. It has dark brown body. Its head and neck are rufous and it is heavily barred black below. Its long black crest with a white tip makes this bird be more unique. People are still hunting this bird to be sold or to be keep in a cage because of its beauty. 

From the factors above, we can conclude that human activity is the most affecting factor of the decreasing of the eagles’ number in Indonesia. The preservation of rare animals is the responsibility of all parties. Moreover, it is our national bird ‘Garuda’ that is becoming endangered. Do not let Indonesian children can’t see eagles in the future. The things that we should do to preserve eagles and other rare animals are :

1.     a.Do not destroy forests and other natural environment such as sea, lake, etc.

2.     b.Do not hunt wild and rare animals.

3.     c.Do not buy or sell rare animals.

4.     d.Comply the government regulations on protecting endangered animals.

 

There are some government regulations to protect endangered animals. Some of them are :

1.   1. UU No. 5 1990, about the conservation of natural resources and ecosystems.

2.   2. Kepres No. 4 1993, about National Flora & Fauna that set eagle as the wildlife national pride.

1st day of My holiday in Jakarta

I was sitting at a terrace inside Mbak Ai and Mas Oryz's house when i wrote this first post. Although i' m in Jakarta the air is not hot and so calm. I also can't hear any noise from the traffic on the city way. Instead, here i can hear the voice of falling water from an aquarium and low voice of children playing behind the house..
The first day of my holiday in Jakarta was so wonderful. My family and I came to mbak Ai's house, i love the house because its design is so modern, simple but cool! The gate's color is green but the inside wall and the door is mixed by cream and white. After we get some rests, i did badminton exercise. I played badminton with mas Oryz and his neighbor Pak Irfan. In the night, i went to Mal Kelapa Gading. There are many big discounts, so my mom bought me a running shoes. Alhamdulillah, i really need it for physics. We also bought a thin pizza in Pizza Cafe, there is no pizza like that in Malang, ehmm.. so yummy! We came to an arabian, indian & egyptian food bazaar. There were many kinds of food and beverages. For example, satay, prata, and date fruit. We ate until full and went home. But when we arrived and went inside my room, my sister found a scorpion on the floor! thank God it had not bite us..